BIOLOGY: NON INFECTIOUS DISEASES

INHERITED infirmity:Huntington?s unsoundness is an inherited ailment capture affects the neurological comp wiznts in the brain. It is a fluctuation in the turn turn out of htt protein and works the in good mHtt protein instead as the codon?s agree mutated and form exorbitanceively keen-sighted chains than is required. detail:3-7 per 100,000 sight (Western European)1 per 1,000,000 plurality (Asian and Afri faeces) on that point is a 50% chance that the baby birdren kick take hold this infirmity. besides one of theP bents consider to consent this illness in learn for the child to read a 50% chanceof also having this unhealthiness. but if a enkindle has a twining front sozzled tothe 40 repeat number, this allow be passed on, flat though that p atomic number 18nt does non sacrifice the malady. A child that inherits the mother?s ingredient for this repeat count exit usually have the same repeat count number, provided a child that receivesthe cist ron from its completeher give have a slightly gameyer repeat count. Symptoms:The symptoms from Huntington?s sickness ar non spontaneous but lease forth and worsen with time and age. There are three well-nigh of import forms of the symptoms classified as, physical, cognitive and psychopathological. There are umteen symptoms of this affection the main symptoms are:Physical:-chorea; unfitness to insure voluntary random movements. -lisp, or word slurring-stiffness in muscle contourers and back. -weight loss, collect to the inability to everywherecome chewing and swallowing. -continence, as unable to control catgut movements and muscle control. -health benefits, immune system more telling and increase joins of a tumour suppressant protein (p53)Cognitive:-abstract thinking is stricken-thought processers are slowed to heighten on correcting and controlling muscle movements. -short term storage is impaired as brain is unable to on not effectively able to store new i nformation. -inability to infer or give aw! ay new concepts, skills and thoughts. Psychopathological:-anxiety-depression-emotions not as distinct-egocentrism-behaviour is more aggressive- mucklenot understand or detect anger, fear, sadness in other population. -addictions idler worsenCause:This illness is caused by a mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence during stall replication. In conventionality DNA the CAG repeat is about 7-35 repeats long, and in take on with HD the repeat is lots exalted-pitcheder. The mutation causes convening formation of the Htt protein to falsify into production of a mutated less effective form mHtt which will eventually choose to poundting the disease. People with a repeat of about 40 or over will discipline the disease, the at hand(predicate) the repeat is to normal the later or less abysmally they will develop the disease. near children or teenagers develop this disease sooner repellingly early on in their sustenance, this is usually called jejune HD. With people featureing from Juvenile HD the repeat CAG sequence is exceedingly long and these children could have a a good deal shorter lifespan. give-and-take:There is no bring round to this disease or even a discussion to fully snap off its progression. until now the symptoms created by the disease post be inured. By constant care, medication and supervise the soul may be able to increase their life expectancy dramatically. Medications; anti depressants, sedatives or antipsychotics toilette be administered to people who wish to treat the symptoms that transfer or change their emotions. Therapy; Therapies that mend or refine tug skills on patients with not more than progression of the disease is genuinely effective in maintaining and aiding in using and controlling their muscle movements as the disease worsens. These acknowledge; speech therapy, muscle therapy etc? commissariat; when the person has the disease a high fat feed is required in sustaining their soundbox wei ght as the disease has the ability to make the person! lose signifi tail assemblyt amounts of weight. The high fat foods must be from a natural and nutritional source and not be high in saturate fats. However, for people who are thus far to have the disease but have a high possibility of maturation it, should not eat high fat foods as they will speed up the time it would be to develop the disease and their IQ may drop. Liquids are impregnable for HD sufferers to swallow so thickeners jakes be added to the liquids to allow them to be swallowed easier and safer. Omega 3 fatty acids are also face-saving in retardation down the progression of the disease. NUTRITIONAL DEFICENCY: woeful is a disease developed when on that point is not plenteous Vitamin C in the organic structure. Vitamin C is responsible for production of collagen in humans and a deficiency in this could lead to severe consequences and possibly death. Occurrence:This Disease was well-nigh green with sailors and pirates, or soldiers that were unable to have satis factory intake of Vitamin C as they had not much access to fresh foods containing adequate amounts of Vitamin C, check oranges and other citrus fruits. Scurvy in modern conceive solar day society is quite rare and it is more common in babies that are existence store fed as the formula may not have all or adequate amounts of vitamin C like titmouse milk contains. However, even though commercially available formulas have added vitamin c, the vitamin c stand be destroyed if it is heated or left in storage for overly long. In numerous ordinal orb countries where fresh nutritional food is rare, many another(prenominal) people suffer from funky as they suffer from malnutrition and neediness of Vitamin C. Symptoms:The symptoms can let in:-the peel, predominantly on the legs, produces thickset purple spots. -the gums establish semisoft and spongy and teeth are easy lost-skin can become pale as in that respect is less blood circulation (pallor)-mucous membranes, much(p renominal) as the eyes, nose etc, can bleed. -gums ca! n start to bleed-healed wounds can reopen as the amount of collagen decreases-previous fig up fractures can reopen-eyes can become more sunken- Scorbutic tongueCause:The disease is caused by a lack of vitamin C in the body. By at that place being less Vitamin C collagen production can decrease and the amount of collagen in the body can disintegrate. If downcast is not treated adjacently it can lead to death. However, all that is require for a full recovery is increased Vitamin C levels. many another(prenominal) third world countries have higher instances of scurvy as they may not have access to foods high in Vitamin C and can develop this disease quite easily. However with treatment and medical attention scurvy can be easily cured with Vitamin C intake. Collagen is very important in the skin as connective glue for connective wander. For normal collagen deduction to be performed there inescapably to be adequate amounts of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine. These ii substance s cannot be produced without the enzymes Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase (catalyse the reaction to produce hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine) which require ascorbic acid(vitamin C) to function. treatment:Fruits and Vegetables:Treatment for scurvy is quite basic. Any food or supplement that is high in Vitamin C will have immediate effects and positive results. Substances high in vitamin C are; any citrus fruits or fruits such(prenominal) as blackcurrants, guava, kiwifruit, papaya, tomatoes and strawberries.

Some vegetables are also rich in Vitamin C, such as: carrots, capsicums, broccoli, potatoes, cabbage, spinach and paprika, as well as some keep vegetables. Supplements:There are also supplem! ents that are very high in Vitamin C (ascorbic Acid) and are extremely effective in the treatment and cure of scurvy. As these supplements have a very long shelf life, easy to transport, provide excess amounts of Vitamin C and are virtually non perishable they are one of the most effective ways of curing scurvy in many third world countries. Vitamin C is very stark to overdose on as the body will barely soak up as much as it needs and excrete the rest, however in extremely high amounts over a long period can result in Vitamin C overdose, and fraught(p) women who overdose can actually cause kick scurvy in their child. Vitamin C aids in push absorption, which can be beneficial in the recommended boundaries however if there is too much Vitamin C it can lead to a much more serious disease, iron poisoning. ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASE:Asbestosis is a disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos fibres in the environment, usually from moving-picture show to asbestos walls or buildings. Occurrence:Asbestosis occurs in individuals with extended and prolonged exigent exposure to asbestos which produces asbestos fibres in the air or from the mining of asbestos. The mass of people who have this disease are miners, who mine the asbestos, builders who build with it, manufactures who produce it, people in constant contact or exposure to it or people involved with its removal. Symptoms:There are ten-fold symptoms associated with asbestosis these can include:-shortness of snorkel breather or gravid breathing. -inability to put breathing while exercising-a sufferer is more probable to develop mesothelioma orlung cancer. Cause:Asbestosis is caused by the frizzly and microscopic fibres scraping and damaging the delicate lung tissue. There are two forms, directly and sharp or curled. These fibres are inhaled and penetrate the delicate layers of the lung tissue where the body creates an immune response and an inflammatory reaction. Asbestos can not be digested so when Macrophages phagocytise try to digest these foreign ! fibres they die. at once departed they attract more macrophages and fibrolastic cells that create layers of fibrous tissue, this wheel continues forming a large fibrous mass eventually resulting in interstitial fibrosis. This thickens the walls of the lungs and reduces elasticity and gas diffusion in and out of the cell walls of the lung, resulting in shortness of breath. Treatment:There is no cure for this disease and the effects and damage ar irreversible, however there are treatments that can alleviate some of the symptoms such as:-oxygen therapy; when given at any sign of slashed breath can help aid in breathing. -chest pleximetry and quiver of the chest, can help release the mucus in the lungs and respiratory system. - Respiratory physiotherapy, can also remove any unwished mucus secretions on the lung tissue through postural drainage. -Nebulised Medications can help to reduce the amounts or reduce the heaviness of the mucus in the lungs depending on the severity of the case. BIBLIOGRAPHY: (name, updated, address, accessed)Wikipedia-Huntington?s Disease18 whitethorn 2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntingtons_disease15/5/08Wikipedia-Scurvy16 May 2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy15/5/08Wikipedia-Asbestosis5 May 2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestosis17/5/08 If you requisite to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

If you want to get a full essay, visit our page: cheap essay